Author Archives: David Pierce

Mathematician & logician; amateur of philosophy; relation of journalists; alumnus of St John’s College (USA)

Order from Chaos

From The Relevance of Science by C. F. von Weizsäcker, here is Chapter 2, “Cosmogonical Myths.” The subject is stories of how we got here – stories from Babylon, Greece, and Scandinavia, stories more “primitive” than the Biblical account.


Terra cotta figure gazing upward, holding right hand to head, left hand to penis (now broken off)
Although a nearby freestanding sign likened it to Rodin’s sculpture, this figure in the National Archeological Museum, Athens, was six millenia older. The English label below the figure read,

The ‘Thinker’. Large solid clay figurine of a seated man from the area of Karditsa in Thessaly. Final Neolithic period (4500–3300 BC)

The museum website has a better picture. Later in the day of our visit, which was Tuesday, July 11, 2017, we travelled to Delphi for the meeting that occasioned “Hypomnesis.” More photos from the trip ended up in the post “On Knowing Ourselves.”


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Machinations

Sources for this post include the following.

  • On recent events in the US:

    1. Seth Masket, “Friday Night Musk-acre” (February 1, 2025).
    2. Olga Lautman: “Why has Musk gained access to our data?” (February 2, 2025).
    3. Timothy Snyder, “The Logic of Destruction: And how to resist it” (February 2, 2025).
    4. Heather Cox Richardson, “February 2, 2025.”
    5. Malcolm Nance, “In The Trump ‘White’ House: No Spies Matter” (February 7, 2025).
    6. “An Uproar as Trump and Musk Wreak Havoc” (New York Times, letters, February 7, 2025).
    7. Elad Nehorai, “Elon Musk Isn’t a White Nationalist. He’s a White Globalist” (February 7, 2025).
  • On technological fantasies and what they may do to students:

    1. Michael Townsen Hicks, James Humphries, and Joe Slater, “ChatGPT is bullshit” (2024).
    2. John Warner, “AI Boosters Think You’re Dumb” (February 2, 2025).
    3. Seth Bruggeman, “A Crisis of Trust in the Classroom” (January 14, 2025) – students either cheat with technology, or do little of anything.
    4. Robert Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (1974) – perhaps students motivated only by grades should drop out.
    5. Steve Rose (interviewer), “Five ways AI could improve the world: ‘We can cure all diseases, stabilise our climate, halt poverty’” (Thu 6 Jul 2023) – Ray Kurzweil thinks “Our mobile phone … makes us more intelligent,” and since we already have nukes, AI is “not really making life more dangerous”; anyway, “More intelligence will lead to better everything.”
    6. Rachel Uda, “In Such a Connected World, Why Are We Lonelier Than Ever?” (February 6, 2023).
    7. Hanna Rosin interviewing Jonathan Haidt, “The Smartphone Kids Are Not All Right” (March 21, 2024).
  • On a particular fantasy of effortless learning:

    1. Wikipedia, “Decoded neurofeedback.”
    2. Adam Hadhazy, “Science Fiction or Fact: Instant, ‘Matrix’-like Learning” (June 21, 2012).
    3. Takeo Watanabe and others, “Perceptual Learning Incepted by Decoded fMRI Neurofeedback Without Stimulus Presentation” (9 December 2011).
    4. Kevin Le Gendre, “Steel pan virtuoso Leon Foster Thomas: ‘Some people don’t think it’s a serious instrument’ ” (February 24, 2023).
  • Works leading me, somehow, to all of that:

    1. Northrop Frye, The Double Vision (1991).
    2. Peter Jukes, “In a rare interview, Philip Pullman tells us his own origin story, and why the great questions are still religious ones” (13 January 2014).

Towering over tourists are stone figures that have “the body of a bull, wings of an eagle, and the crowned head of a bearded men”
At Persepolis, outside Shiraz, Iran, Tuesday, September 4, 2012, this is the Gate of Xerxes – the Xerxes whose failed invasion of Greece is recounted by Herodotus


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Removal

This is about metaphor.


Handwritten sign in shop window: ΜΕΤΑΦΕΡΘΗΚΑΜΕ …
Shop window in Athens, Monday, July 10, 2017:
ΜΕΤΑΦΕΡΘΗΚΑΜΕ
ΔΙΠΛΑ ΣΤΟ 46Α

ΤΑΚΗΣ
Μεταφερθήκαμε is the first-person plural passive aorist of μεταφέρω. I guess the meaning of the sign is, “We moved next door to 46A – Takis.” I took the photo, just so I could use it at a time like this. I didn’t try to talk with Takis.

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Subjective and Objective

The use of a distinction between the subjective and the objective has sometimes made me suspicious. The suggestion is made here that Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem relies on the distinction. I shall look at this more in “Gödel and AI.” Meanwhile, the major sources for the present post are the following.

  1. William James, Psychology: Briefer Course (1892), on “the stream of thought, of consciousness, or of subjective life” – also on
    • nerves as telephone lines;
    • emotions as resulting from “a physical effect on the nerves.”
  2. C. F. von Weizsäcker, The Relevance of Science (1964), on how “Cosmogony … is, objectively speaking, the way in which the world came into being, or it is, subjectively speaking, the teaching about this way.”
  3. Robert Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (1974), on whether quality is objective or subjective (the answer is no) – also on the distinction between the classical and the romantic.
  4. R. G. Collingwood, Speculum Mentis (1924), on
    • his usage whereby
      • what pertains to a consciousness is called subjective;
      • what the consciousness is of is called objective;
    • atoning for the Fall, that is, the separation of subject from object

    – also (in response to James) on how emotions don’t need a physical source.

  5. James Mumford, “Therapy Beyond Good and Evil: A nonjudgmental psychology is failing patients who need to hear hard truths” (perhaps the hard truths of the title are objective truths, and what the patients need to hear is that their own subjective evaluations of themselves may be wrong).
  6. William Egginton, “Why Kant Wouldn’t Fear ChatGPT-4” (for a computer, there is nothing beyond what it “knows” – all is subjective).
  7. Kurt Gödel, “On formally undecidable propositions of Principia mathematica and related systems I” (the Incompleteness Theorem relies on a distinction between a [subjective] statement and its [objective] meaning).
  8. Shannon Vallor, “The Thoughts The Civilized Keep” (they require labor, with a history).

Minor sources include the following.

  1. James Joyce, Ulysses, as presenting streams of consciousness.
  2. Sigrid Undset, Kristin Lavransdatter, as being more readable.
  3. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics and Physics, on how there is not deliberation about the cosmos, or the irrationality of √2, or how to build a ship.
  4. Jared Henderson, “How to read Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics.”
  5. C. S. Lewis, The Magician’s Nephew, where an iron bar grows into a lamp-post the way Aristotle imagines a log’s growing into a ship.
  6. a letter to Analog magazine on how religion is false science.
  7. Robert Pirsig, Lila, on the distinction between the static and the dynamic.
  8. Elle Hunt, “Octopus farming turns my stomach – but are some species really more worthy than others?”
  9. the Hebrew Bible (Psalms and Ezekiel) on eating words.
  10. Alexander Bevilacqua, “Saints for Supper” (a review of Jérémie Koering, Iconophages: A History of Ingesting Images).
  11. Jack A. Goldstone and Peter Turchin, “Welcome To The ‘Turbulent Twenties’.”
  12. David Allen Green, “‘Twelfth Night Till Candlemas’ – the story of a forty-year book-quest and of its remarkable ending.”

Having started last spring, my wife and I recently completed a project to read Ulysses together. I was glad to be able to put the book back on the shelf. It sits there, next to another of comparable length, Kristin Lavransdatter; this is because I order my books according to the birth of the writer (or subject), and James Joyce was born February 2, 1882; Sigrid Undset, May 5.

I read her book on my own, for and with pleasure, and it entered into my thoughts on the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle, expressed for example in “Impermanence” (on Book IX, chapters i–iii; the common theme was how children might forget their mothers, but not conversely; Maya Angelou recalled how many black women had nursed white children in America).


Three haloed figures in front of a fourth with spread arms and wings; faces are mostly scratched out
Karanlık Kilise (Dark Church), Göreme Open Air Museum
Cappadocia, January 11, 2009


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Found Poetry

This is adapted from emails I wrote in 2022 (on February 10 and July 16 and 17). I post them now, because I have been updating the “Directory” of documents that I have saved on this blog, other than as posts. I could not remember why I had saved an “Annotation” from Harper’s, until I found the reason below. I take up poetry by T. S. Eliot, E. McKim, and Robinson Jeffers, in addition to the one I first quote.


An email friend shared a poem called “Merrymakers” (from “Four Poems,” London Review of Books, 9 May 2013), by Charles Simic:

A troop of late night revellers,
most likely shown the door
at some after-hours club
or a party in the neighbourhood,
still whooping it up
as they stagger down the street
with a girl in a wedding dress
walking pigeon-toed far behind them,
and calling out in distress:
‘Hey, you! Where the fuck
do you think you’re going?’

The poets sets us up, sort of the way young Eliot does in “Prufrock”:

Let us go then, you and I,
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherised upon a table …

The shock from Simic is not in image, but in meter, which one might have expected to continue iambically:

A troop of late night revellers,
  most likely shown the door
at some old after-hours club,
  continued with their roar,
forgetting sensibilities …

As it is, the poem gets prosy. The lines are pretty much just units of speech, “end-stopped,” never “emjambed,” at least until the end.

Just printing the vignette as poetry makes us pay attention in a certain way. Art is everywhere, if we know how to see it. The other day I was walking by an ugly old electrical box on the street, covered with remains of old posters, and I thought it could be spruced up with a small brass plaque, as if it were a sculpture.

Religious Science

Below is Chapter 1, “Science and the Modern World,” of The Relevance of Science by C. F. von Weizsäcker.

The last post of this blog was of my annotated version of Chapter 3, “Creation in the Old Testament.”

As the author reports in his Preface, The whole book consists of the first of two series of Gifford Lectures at Glasgow, 1959–61.

Stage seen from audience
I had the opportunity myself to lecture in Tabriz, on August 28, 2012. This was in Iran, so the wall behind me held a portrait of the late Ayatollah Khomeini, along with some kind of icon of science. We were at a national mathematics conference, but I included some of my artwork in the slides of my talk (called “Model-theory of differential fields”)

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Biblical Creation

Below is “Creation in the Old Testament,” which is Chapter 3 of The Relevance of Science by C. F. von Weizsäcker. I have highlighted key passages. I have added a note concerning Pascal, because I spent time reading him and blogging about him, and von Weizsäcker mentions him.

I am studying von Weizsäcker’s chapter, to see what the author makes of the Creator’s assessment of His own work. That assessment is the title of another post of this blog: “It Was Good.”

Hundreds of identical unfinished fairy-tale châteaux in a broad valley
Somebody set out to build Burj Al Babas here in Turkey, for buyers in the Persian Gulf, but abandoned the project

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Resurrection

White rooster, brown chickens, behind a chain-link fence
From a walk around the neighborhood
Tarabya, Istanbul, Wednesday, October 9, 2024

There were a couple of tweets on the eve of Easter:

Just a reminder to make sure that you preach a doctrine of the resurrection tomorrow that is not reducible to that of the old IWW song “Joe Hill”


It’s a good song! I find it moving! But if that’s all we have to say about the resurrection (and I have heard many sermons that suggest that it is) – well, we should all be doing something else with our lives.

Fortunately, of course, it’s not all we have to say.

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A Five Line Locus

In high school, if not sooner, one learns theorems established more than two millenia ago by Euclid and Archimedes. I am thinking of the theorems expressed today by the equations

𝐶 = 2π𝑟,
𝐴 = π𝑟²

for the circumference and area of a circle whose radius is 𝑟, and

𝐴 = 4π𝑟²,
𝑉 = (4/3)π𝑟³

for the surface area and volume of a sphere whose radius is 𝑟. One may also learn about the curves that Apollonius called parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola and that are given today by instances of the general quadratic equation

𝐴𝑥² + 𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦² + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0.

Such notation as this was introduced in the seventeenth century by Descartes, who apparently used it also to understand the curve given by the cubic equation

(𝑦² − 𝑎²)(𝑦 − 𝑏) = 𝑎𝑥𝑦.

Decartes showed that the curve in question could be generated as in the animation below, where a parabola slides along its axis, and a straight line has one point fixed and one point moving with the parabola, and the points of intersection of this straight line with the parabola give us the desired curve.

Animation described in text

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Life in a Crowd

The essay below was originally a post on Medium, August 7, 2017. I wrote from the Nesin Mathematics Village. The crowds there, described here, are a great way to spread infections, as I used to find out. For this reason, I have not gone back to the Village since the winter of 2020, when Covid-19 became pandemic.

The Village is in the hills above Ephesus, site of the temple of Artemis, where there were golden oxen, donated by King Croesus, according to Herodotus (I.92).

When I first came to Turkey in 1998, Herodotus was my tour guide. Because of my interest, from our base in Atarneus, my father-in-law-to-be took seven of us (including himself and a dog) to see Sardis: this was the seat from which Croesus had ruled Lydia, until Cyrus the Great of Persia defeated him.


Cats facing off in the Atatürk City Forest
Tarabya, Sarıyer, Istanbul, October 16, 2024

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