Category Archives: Persons

Fifty-Three Notes

As I understand Western music, there’s a diatonic scale, whose notes correspond to seven consecutive white keys of a piano. The eighth white key (from the left) is an octave above the first. The terminology makes some sense, since an octopus has eight arms, and an octagon has eight sides.

Between two white piano-keys that are an octave apart, there are five black keys. When their notes are added to the diatonic scale, the chromatic scale results.

Perhaps I was given some such understanding in school. It was never quite satisfactory. In part to remedy this problem, I have drafted a paper, “Numbers and Notes in Plato and Euclid,” for which this blog post is now a repository. (The pdf file just linked to has 103 pages, but they are small, size B6; the date is September 22, 2026.)

The draft paper may explain itself, sufficiently well. Its most interesting element may be a black-and-white version of the following diagram, which I am also going to say more about in this post.

An Antithesis

A text for this post is from Wendell Berry:

Justice is a rational procedure. Mercy is not a procedure and it is not rational. It is a kind of freedom that comes from sympathy, which is to say imagination – the felt knowledge of what it is to be another person or another creature. It is free because it does not have to be just. Justice is desirable, of course, but it is virtually the opposite of mercy. Mercy, says the Epistle of James, “rejoiceth against judgment.”

That is from an essay published originally in Citizenship Papers (2003); I am reading it in Essays 1993–2017 (Library of America, 2019). The quoted essay is called “Two Minds”: those minds are rational and sympathetic respectively. Although Berry does not use the term here, I would say that those two minds are in antithesis.


Seen from a beach, two fully clothed woman stand against the sea, holding up mobiles, one facing the sea obliquely, the other walking along the shore; in the sea, a woman and man stand together, in bikini and trunks respectively. Beyond them all, two breakwaters in line, parallel to the shore, made of rubble

I often read Berry at a beach that is in antithesis to Lesbos. Continue reading →

Ars Longa

The extant works of Hippocrates take up ten volumes of the Loeb Classical Library. I’ve got the fourth of those volumes, because it contains also the extant fragments of Heraclitus, collected under the title ΠΕΡΙ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΝΤΟΣ, On the Universe. [See the footnote on this title.]

I am going to look here at some aphorisms of Heraclitus, Parmenides, Turkish folklore, Zen, and Erich Segal – also of Hippocrates, who seems to be the source of our word “aphorism.” He wrote ΑΦΟΡΙΣΜΟΙ, and they turn out be in the same Loeb volume with Heraclitus.

Book and paraphernalia lie on one picnic table among several. Two people sit at a table in the distance. The tables are partially shaded by trees, and a bit of sea is visible through other trees

I was reading Parmenides
in Kireçburnu Çamlık Parkı
Erguvantepe, Sarıyer, Istanbul
July 6, 2025

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Contradiction in Terms

Somebody else can amuse us or frighten us. They might put us to sleep with an injection, or perhaps keep us awake. They cannot make us rational. They cannot make us think. Thinking is up to us.


View down a shallow valley of trees and apartment buildings towards water and hills beyond; clear sky above
Our Bosphorus view
from a local mosque, Ecdat Cami
Tarabya, Sarıyer, Istanbul
Monday, February 16, 2026


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Organ Recital

Trigger warnings for this post:

  1. Suffering and pain.
  2. Cessation of life.
  3. Mathematics.

After the post of December 9, for some reason I wanted to record here a surgical operation in 2019. Then I became preoccupied with mathematics.


Against a concave white wall, a line of rough masks, two eye-holes each, made of tree bark
Hera Büyüktaşcıyan, “Dendrologia,” 2023; part of an exhibit called Phantom Quartet at Arter Istanbul, visited Wednesday, February 4, 2026. The bark of the masks is said to be taken from dead trees on the Isle of Vassivière in the artificial Lac de Vassivière, Limousin, France


On the subject of mathematics, let me take the opportunity to recommend “The Tool/Weapon Duality of Mathematics,” by Alexandre Borovik, recently published in the Journal of Humanistic Mathematics (volume 16, number 1, January 2026; pages 365–392). Continue reading →

Reading and Talking

Reading a book as if it had “no introduction, no notes, no aids or guides, no nothing but the naked text” (as William Deresiewicz puts it): such a reading seemed to need a defense. Here is my elaborate one, which seemed in the end to fall into nine sections as summarized below.

Let me note first that searching on “ahistorical reading” led me to a textbook chapter called “What Is Ahistorical Reading?” (in Intro to Poetry, by Alan Lindsay and Candace Bergstrom). The chapter seems to say well what every high-school graduate ought to know, though unfortunately they may not in fact. If you don’t want to slog through what I wrote, read that.

1. Some Novels and Novelists.
These may be read in school or for pleasure – mine, or that of writer and blogger Hai Di Nguyen. There can be epics such as War and Peace, Moby-Dick, and Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. George Steiner finds the last two comparable. There can be an unreliable narrator.
2. Reading Comprehension.
This may be challenged by some poetry, such as Wordsworth’s, and annotations may not help.
3. Reading Without Preconceptions.
St John’s College accustomed me to this.
4. Reading Groups.
There are many that (thanks to the Catherine Project) I have been able to join and enjoy, all pursued in the St-John’s way as I understand it.
5. Story.
Mythos or logos. We inevitably tell it in our own words (unless perhaps somebody else has fed us the words).
6. Giving What Is Wanted.
“Ask me no questions, and I’ll tell you no fibs.” (To Goldsmith’s comedy She Stoops to Conquer, the saying is traced by Grammarist, which however has “lies” for “fibs”; Wikipedia currently repeats this apparent misquotation, citing Grammarist.) People are trained now to give most of their attention to their mobiles; in school we may be trained to supply what teachers want to hear.
7. Historicism.
I continue not to understand the objection of Leo Strauss to the “historicism” of R. G. Collingwood, but I agree with such ahistorical reading as is practiced at St John’s and was defended in my day (as I recall) by Strauss’s student and my teacher, David Bolotin.
8. The Classics.
There is something to be said for being assigned to read what one might not otherwise. My example is John Donne.
9. Re-Enactment.
Collingwood came to understand history as the re-enactment of thought, but this can be misunderstood, either when reading a poet such as John Donne, or when thinking of a certain major general who happened to read poetry while getting ready for battle.

Seaside on a sunny day. Seagull, and human with tea and breakfast plate in front of him

Beyazpark Liseliler Kafe
Sarıyer, Istanbul
November 25, 2025

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Motion and Rest

This is mostly about Goethe’s Faust, but it was not going to be. Faust says he never wants to sit still. It doesn’t seem like a great idea.

Parthenon

Athens, Monday, July 10, 2017

If, as Wikipedia now mentions, and John Warner discusses in the fittingly titled “That’s Not What Lolita Is About” (November 16, 2025) – if Elisa New recommended that Jeffrey Epstein read Lolita (which I have read) and My Antonia (which I haven’t), why not Faust?

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The System

After sitting behind his father on a motorcycle for a day, and riding through a thunderstorm, Chris Pirsig wants to tell and hear ghost stories. He asks whether his father believes in ghosts.

Clear blue sky above; below, a sand beach, with a strip of sea visible; on the left, a brick road parallel to the shore passes in the distance through trees

Altınova, September 10, 2025

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Gödel and AI

To prove that no recursive theory of addition and multiplication of the counting numbers can be complete, Gödel relies on the distinction between the subjective and the objective. I suggested this in “Subjective and Objective,” while noting also that, for a computer, all is subjective.

At the inner corner of a street, interlocking bricks break out of their pattern

Incomplete pavement
Altınova, Ayvalik, Balıkesir
September 9, 2025

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Artificial Language

TL;DR: AI writing is like human writing. Of course it is, since its model is human writing. But then what AI produces is like bad human writing.

My sources include Plato, Wendell Berry, George Orwell, E. B. White, William Deresiewicz, Hadley Freeman, Andrew Kay, Kenneth G. Crawford, Hollis Robbins, Yuval Noah Harari, William Egginton, Megan Fritts, and Vi Hart.


About preparing certain seeds for human consumption in an infusion:

For sensory attributes, I’m admittedly Platonic and believe that since coffee is a fruit, it should taste something like a fruit. (And it’s not just any fruit – it’s a cherry!) My roasting philosophy comes from the same conviction. Generally, I’m after bright, juicy, fruity, syrupy goodness.

Thus Caleb Bilgen, founder of Ánimo Coffee Roasters in Asheville, North Carolina.

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From a terrace beneath an awning, a low wall obscured by ivy, oleander, and quince; on the other side, a lawn with a jungle gym; beyond this, a weeping willow and a small white house beneath umbrella pines

What I see as the sun rises
Altınova, Ayvalik, Balıkesir
September 5, 2025

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